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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
نظریه سیستمهای بومشناختی
Dishion and Stormshak (2007) described the utility of developmental ecological systems theory for building a school-based, family-centered intervention.
For example, although ecological systems theory describes interlocking systems in child development, the influence of culture is underemphasized.
Research and theoretical positions (see Boykin, 1986) led to incorporating phenomenology in a phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (Spencer, Dupree, & Hartmann, 1997) that allows for a specific consideration of and focus on experiences of minoritized children and families and how child ecologies operate for individuals from different backgrounds and in different settings.
However, ecological systems theory does not sufficiently characterize identity development.
(Chapter 12, this volume) noted that the phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory was developed to capture identify formation for youth from minoritized backgrounds.
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